![]() (1984) DNA markers for nervous system diseases. A., Hobbs, W., Gibbons, K., Raschtchian, R., Gilliam, T. (1986) A repetitive DNA family ( Sau3A family) in human chromosomes extrachromosomal DNA and DNA polymorphism. (1983) Closely related species of Drosophila can contain different libraries of middle repetitive DNA sequences Chromosoma 88, 104–108. (1983) Molecular basis of length polymorphism in the human ζ-globin gene complex. (1982) The highly polymorphic region near the human insulin gene is composed of simple tandemly repeating sequences. (1980) A highly polymorphic locus in human DNA. (1978) Polymorphism of DNA sequence adjacent to human β-globin structural gene: relationship to sickle mutation. (1992) Restriction enzymes and their isoschizomers. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis.In the nuclear genome, polymorphisms also reflect different locations of the same sequence (repetitive or transposable DNA), owing to different flanking DNA ( 7, 8). Changes in restriction fragment patterns result not only from point mutations but also from deletions, insertions, or duplications that alter the length of fragments ( 4– 6). Fragments generated by other enzymes would reflect positions of different restriction sites along the same region of DNA and would reveal changes in the additional sets of nucleotides. Such differences, resulting from genetic divergence, would be manifested in the length of fragments generated by the enzymes and separated by electrophoresis. Likewise, nucleotide changes may create new sites. If a sequence recognized by a restriction enzyme is altered by a substitution of any of the nucleotides, it would not be cleaved. In fragmenting DNA, restriction enzymes can be used as a reflection of the nucleotide sequences that they recognize, allowing genetic distinction based on a small percentage of the genome, without having to sequence the DNA ( 3). DNA fragments of discrete lengths are generated, which can be separated by electrophoresis through a gel matrix. These enzymes cut DNA at specific short sequences, commonly consisting of four to six nucleotides ( 2). ![]() With the discovery of bacterial “restriction endonucleases” ( 1), it became possible to fractionate the long DNA molecule, so that specific regions could be analyzed. ![]()
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