![]() There is little data available concerning the different fracture patterns of Zone-1, so we sought to categorize Type-1 fractures in this study to increase awareness of the typical patterns of tuberosity injuries. Management of 5MTB fractures can be challenging and is a matter of discussion in the orthopaedic community. evaluated the risk of secondary displacement, they did not evaluate patient clinical outcomes, neither excluded from their classification the Type-2 and 3 fractures as described by Lawrence and Botte. They further divided them into two categories: non-displaced or displaced with a fracture-step-off >2 mm. proposed a new radiographic classification of tuberosity avulsion fractures (Zone-1), identifying 3 fracture groups at risk of secondary displacement: fractures entering in the lateral third of the 5MTB joint, fractures occurring in the middle third, and fractures in the medial third. In 2012, Polzer stated that non-operative treatment is indicated for metaphyseal fractures and surgical fixation for metadiaphyseal fractures, although the exact borderline between these groups remains unclear. ![]() However, it is not widely accepted because many fracture lines lie between these zones. At present, the simplified three-part classification proposed by Lawrence and Botte is the most commonly used, distinguishing between tuberosity avulsion fractures, Type-1 (Zone-1) fractures at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction, called Jones fractures, Type-2 (Zone-2) and shaft stress fractures Type-3 (Zone-3). Torg proposed to divide the 5MTB into four zones based on common fracture lines, and sub-classifying them into acute, delayed or non-union. ![]() These are considered complicated injuries due to the peculiar blood supply of this area and the multiple anatomical structures that insert in the proximal epiphysis of the 5MTB (Figure 1). Multiple classification systems, over-complicating the issue, have been introduced to distinguish the different proximal fracture types of the fifth metatarsal bone (5MTB). Key wordsįifth metatarsal bone, Foot fractures, Fractures classification, Jones fracture, Stress fractures Introductionįractures of the metatarsal bones are among the most frequent injuries of the foot (>50%) and represent 5–6% of all fractures seen in emergency departments. In contrast, both groups showed the worst outcomes for Type-3 fractures and slower return to work and to sport. In fact, the study reveals the excellent results of these fractures managed conservatively by early loading in both groups, without any benefit of the cast with to respect to the functional elasticated bandage although a quicker return to sports was noted in the FG (FUNCTIONAL GROUP). The weight-bearing restrictions and perhaps a follow-up period are not necessary, as stated by Marecek and Ferguson, respectively, for minimally displaced Type-1 (all sub-types) and Type-2 fractures. ![]()
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